DNA damage following pulmonary exposure by instillation to low doses of carbon black (Printex 90) nanoparticles in mice.Usefulness of myeloperoxidase as a biomarker for the ranking of pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials.Multi-walled carbon nanotube physicochemical properties predict pulmonary inflammation and genotoxicity.DNA strand breaks, acute phase response and inflammation following pulmonary exposure by instillation to the diesel exhaust particle NIST1650b in mice.Surface modification does not influence the genotoxic and inflammatory effects of TiO2 nanoparticles after pulmonary exposure by instillation in mice.Effects of physicochemical properties of TiO2 nanomaterials for pulmonary inflammation, acute phase response and alveolar proteinosis in intratracheally exposed mice.Primary genotoxicity in the liver following pulmonary exposure to carbon black nanoparticles in mice.The influence of dispersion media on nanomaterial toxicity should be considered in the planning of intratracheal investigations. Water seemed to be the best dispersion medium to mimic CB inhalation, exhibiting DNA strand breaks with only limited inflammation. In conclusion, the dispersion medium was a determinant of CB-induced inflammation and genotoxicity. No dispersion medium-dependent effects on genotoxicity were observed for TiO2, whereas CNT in 2% serum induced higher DNA strand break levels than in 0.05% serum albumin. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks for CB were observed only in water, 2% serum and 10% BAL fluid in 0.9% NaCl. For CB, inflammation was dispersion medium dependent. Inflammation was observed for all nanomaterials (except 38-nm TiO2) in all dispersion media. Inflammation was measured as pulmonary influx of neutrophils into bronchoalveolar fluid, and DNA damage as DNA strand breaks in BAL cells by comet assay.
The dispersion media were as follows: water (CB, TiO2) 2% serum in water (CB, CNT, TiO2) 0.05% serum albumin in water (CB, CNT, TiO2) 10% bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 0.9% NaCl (CB), 10% bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in water (CB) or 0.1% Tween-80 in water (CB). Rodents were intratracheally instilled with 162 µg/mouse/1620 µg/rat carbon black (CB), 67 µg/mouse titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) or 54 µg/mouse carbon nanotubes (CNT). We tested whether different intratracheal instillation dispersion media influence the pulmonary toxicity of different nanomaterials. However, for this, materials are dispersed in appropriate media that may influence toxicity. N2 - Intratracheal instillation serves as a model for inhalation exposure. T1 - Influence of dispersion medium on nanomaterial-induced pulmonary inflammation and DNA strand breaks: investigation of carbon black, carbon nanotubes and three titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Intratracheal instillation serves as a model for inhalation exposure.
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